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Ubuntu 镜像源更换指南

前言

这篇文章将详细介绍如何在 Ubuntu 系统中更换软件源,以提高软件包的下载速度和更新效率。这是一个非常实用的技巧,尤其适合那些经常需要更新系统和软件包的用户。

Tips

本文使用 Ubuntu 20.04 进行演示,关于 Ubuntu 各版本的系统代号会在文末给出。

镜像源更换

备份原镜像源文件

首先,备份当前的镜像源文件。这样做的目的是保证在更换过程中遇到问题时,可以快速恢复到原始状态。

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

编辑镜像源文件

接下来,编辑 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件,将其中的镜像源地址更换为更快的镜像源。这里推荐使用阿里云镜像源。

sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

在打开的编辑器中,将原有的内容替换为以下内容:

# Ubuntu 20.04 LTS (Focal Fossa) 镜像源
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse

# 清华大学镜像源(可选)
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ focal-security main restricted universe multiverse multiverse

更新软件包列表

完成编辑后,更新软件包列表,以确保系统能够识别新的镜像源。

sudo apt update

Ubuntu 系统代号

Version Code name Version Code name Version Code name Version Code name
24.10 Oracular Oriole 19.04 Disco Dingo 14.04 Trusty Tahr 9.04 Jaunty Jackalope
24.04 Noble Numbat 18.10 Cosmic Cuttlefish 13.10 Saucy Salamander 8.10 Intrepid Ibex
23.10 Mantic Minotaur 18.04 Bionic Beaver 13.04 Raring Ringtail 8.04 Hardy Heron
23.04 Lunar Lobster 17.10 Artful Aardvark 12.10 Quantal Quetzal 7.10 Gutsy Gibbon
22.10 Kinetic Kudu 17.04 Zesty Zapus 12.04 Precise Pangolin 7.04 Feisty Fawn
22.04 Jammy Jellyfish 16.10 Yakkety Yak 11.10 Oneiric Ocelot 6.10 Edgy Eft
21.10 Impish Indri 16.04 Xenial Xerus 11.04 Natty Narwhal 6.06 Dapper Drake
21.04 Hirsute Hippo 15.10 Wily Werewolf 10.10 Maverick Meerkat 5.10 Breezy Badger
20.10 Groovy Gorilla 15.04 Vivid Vervet 10.04 Lucid Lynx 5.04 Hoary Hedgehog
20.04 Focal Fossa 14.10 Utopic Unicorn 9.10 Karmic Koala 4.10 Warty Warthog
19.10 Eoan Ermine